[CHI 24 REVIEW] Dances with Drones: Spatial Matching and Perceived Agency in Improvised Movements with Drone and Human Partners

This document is structured as follows:

• Meta Information about the Paper (논문 정보)

• Researcher's Affiliation Site (저자 연구실 정보)

• Content for General Readers (일반 독자를 위한 내용)

• Content for Readers Who Want to Know More about the Paper (관련 분야 전문가를 위한 내용)

• Summary of Lessons Learned (교훈 정리)

let’s start.

Meta Information about the Paper

Dong, K., Zhang, Z., Chang, X., Chirarattananon, P., & LC, R. (2024, May). Dances with Drones: Spatial Matching and Perceived Agency in Improvised Movements with Drone and Human Partners. In Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1-16).

YOUTUBE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LQqgiHM4MoA

Researcher's Affiliation Site

Prof. Ray LC

https://recfro.github.io/

Content for General Readers

motivation

As drones become integrated into human activities, taking on creative and performative roles like choreographed light shows, there is growing interest in exploring how drones and humans can perform together. Human performance habits differ when they have partners compared to when they are solo. How do people modify their behaviors and perspectives when improvising with robotic partners?

• No studies have examined how drones are perceived in a performative setting or how their presence affects dancers' improvisation.

• While humans improvise differently in solo versus partner dance, it is still unknown how these adaptations apply to human-drone interactions.

한글 요약:

• 드론이 공연에서 사용되고 있음에도, 드론이 무용가의 즉흥 연주에 어떤 영향을 미치는지에 대한 연구가 진행된 적이 없습니다. 어떻게 드론과 상호작용하는지 알려진 적이 없습니다.

contribution

Below are the researcher’s 3 questions:

RQ1: What are the performers’ relationships with drones and each other during improvisational dance?

RQ2: How do performers spatially interact with the drones in an improvisational context?

RQ3: How are drones perceived as autonomous agents in the performance context, and what parameters affect that perception?

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design insights for future strategies that incorporate non-humanoid robots into performances

한글 요약:

이 논문을 통해 연구자가 제기한 3가지 아래 3가지 질문에 대한 답과 미래의 로봇과의 상호작용을 위한 디자인 인사이트를 얻을 수 있습니다.

• RQ1: 즉흥 춤을 추는 동안 공연자들은 드론과 서로 간에 어떤 관계를 형성하나요?

• RQ2: 공연자들은 즉흥적인 상황에서 드론과 어떻게 공간적으로 상호작용하나요?

• RQ3: 공연 맥락에서 드론은 어떻게 자율적 에이전트로 인식되며, 이러한 인식에 영향을 미치는 요소는 무엇인가요?

Content for Readers Who Want to Know More about the Paper

Experimental Conditions

scenarios

• individual dancers performing with one drone

• an individual dancer interacting with two drone

• two dancers participating with a single drone

• two dancers collaborating with two drones simultaneously

trajectory of the drones

• programmed motion: Circling Motion → Forward/Backward Motion (along the X-axis) → Up/Down Motion (along the Z-axis) → Left/Right Motion (along the Y-axis)

• two drones is be symmetrical

Data acquisition

• Semi-structured interview and survey

• Video observation

  

Facilities

Crazyflies

motion capture system (MoCap) (OptiTrack Prime 13W)

• 한글 요약

  • 무용수들이 드론과 즉흥적으로 춤을 추는 상황을 연출.

  • 시나리오: 무용수들이 드론과 즉흥적으로 춤을 추는 상황을 연출함

  • 드론 경로는 정해진 패턴을 따라 움직임

  • 연구 방법은 인터뷰와 모션 캡처 시스템을 이용한 분석

Detailed Points

드론을 따라가는 것처럼 느꼈다는 참가자의 답변

“dancers commonly perceive themselves as followers in interactions with drones, in contrast to the sense of equal partnership with a human counterpart”

드론은 실물이 존재하기에 창의성을 자극

“absence of physical objects often makes them rely on imagination for improvisation. drones’ position also offered a spatial affordance mere obstacles to avoid, while P12 saw them as dancing companions or "fairies.”

드론 interaction 효과 : source of physicality, guiding their motions, akin to a form of music, conceptualized the drones as extensions of his own body,

무용수를 위한 권장 사항: 반복 노출로 두려움 완화

“As highlighted in Sec. 4.3.1, our study reveals that repeated exposure through several trials effectively alleviates fear.”

드론의 가이드 역할:

“Audio feedback systems [15] and visual projection [13] are examples of interactive technology integration in dance that has improved spatial awareness and movement.”

• 위 경우처럼 무용수들을 위한 유도 신호로 활용할 것

리듬과 신체 동작: “Unlike traditional dancing, where the rhythm takes precedence  [42, 53], the choreography of dancing with a drone emphasizes body movement in space, and the motion (including position and speed) of the drone itself is considered akin to rhythm, as discussed in Sec. 4.1.3.”

드론의 움직임과 음악의 동기화: “visual representation of music”

속도와 긴장감 조절: “The heightened speed and relatively low altitude of drones, coupled with the presence of additional agents, whether they be drones or dancers, contribute to an increased sense of tension in the performance, as illustrated in Sec. 4.1.3 and Sec. 4.2.1.”

드론의 위치: 가까울수록 상호작용에 좋다. “recommend positioning the drones near the dancers whenever possible, as this near-distance arrangement has been observed to enhance interaction, as detailed in Section 4.1.4. With smaller drones, the collision causes no physical effects and appears not to be a major deterrent, as shown in Sec.4.3.1.”

Summary of Lessons Learned

• 논문 결과: 드론이 가까울수록 상호작용에 효과적이다.

  1. 드론을 가까이 하기 위해서는 안전이 담보되어야 한다. → 신뢰할 수 있는 드론이 필요하다

  2. 무용수들에게는 반복 노출을 통해 두려움을 완화하도록 해야한다.

• 연구 분석을 위해 이번 논문에서는 통계적인 분석 (ex. ANOVA, Tukey Test, p-value)과 모션 인식(MoCap)를 사용했습니다. 다음 포스트에서 연구 이해도를 높이기 위해 관련 내용을 정리하겠습니다.

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