[CHI 24 REVIEW] Augmenting Perceived Length of Handheld Controllers: Effects of Object Handle Properties

This document is structured as follows:

• Meta Information about the Paper (논문 정보)

• Researcher's Affiliation Site (저자 연구실 정보)

• Content for General Readers (일반 독자를 위한 내용)

• Content for Readers Who Want to Know More about the Paper (관련 분야 전문가를 위한 세부 내용)

• Summary of Lessons Learned (교훈 정리)

let’s start.

Meta Information about the Paper

Park, C., & Choi, S. (2024, May). Augmenting Perceived Length of Handheld Controllers: Effects of Object Handle Properties. In Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1-11).

VIDEO:

https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3613904.3642251

Researcher's Affiliation Site

Prof. SeungmoonChoi

https://interaction.postech.ac.kr/

Content for General Readers

motivation

• Conventional VR handheld controllers have fixed sizes and shapes, leading to a mismatch between visual and haptic experiences when interacting with various virtual objects.

• Previous research on shape-changing controllers has focused mainly on manipulating the controller's moment of inertia to control perceived shape.

• However, aside from the diameter of the controller handle, little research has been conducted on how material properties of the handle affect perceived shape.

한글 요약

기존의 VR 핸드헬드 컨트롤러는 크기와 모양이 고정되어 있어, 다양한 가상 객체와 상호작용할 때 시각과 촉각 간 불일치가 발생합니다. 기존의 shape-changing 컨트롤러 연구들은 주로 컨트롤러의 관성 모멘트를 조작하여 인지된 모양을 제어하는 데 집중해 왔습니다. 그러나 컨트롤러 손잡이의 지름을 제외하고는 손잡이의 재질 특성이 인지된 모양에 미치는 영향에 대해서는 거의 연구된 바가 없습니다.

contribution

• This study explores the impact of material properties of the controller handle on perceived length, independent of inertial information.

• Softness, thermal conductivity, and texture of the handle were quantitatively evaluated through experiments for their effects on perceived length.

• Results showed that:

  • Softer handles led to an increase in perceived length.

  • Higher thermal conductivity caused a decrease in perceived length.

  • Texture variations (e.g., changes in bumps) also influenced length perception.

• These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the complex relationship between handle properties and perceived length.

• This expands the design alternatives for shape-changing controllers to enhance immersive VR experiences.

한글 요약:

본 연구는 관성 정보와 별개로, 컨트롤러 손잡이의 재질 특성이 인지된 길이에 미치는 영향을 탐구합니다. 실험을 통해 손잡이의 부드러움, 열전도율, 질감이 인지된 길이에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지를 정량적으로 평가했습니다. 그 결과, 손잡이가 부드러울수록 인지된 길이가 길어지며, 열전도율이 높을수록 인지된 길이가 짧아지는 경향을 보였습니다. 또한, 질감의 변화(예: 돌기) 역시 길이 인식에 변화를 주는 것으로 나타났습니다. 이러한 결과는 손잡이 특성과 인지된 길이 간의 복잡한 관계에 대한 포괄적인 이해를 제공하며, 더욱 몰입감 있는 VR 경험을 위한 shape-changing 컨트롤러 설계에 새로운 대안을 제시합니다.

Content for Readers Who Want to Know More about the Paper

related work : Touch Modes

three touch modes( passive, active, and dynamic touch) are used to obtain haptic information. [19]

• passive touch : In passive touch, information is received through the deformation of the skin(cutaneous sense) without any intentional movement of muscles or joints.

• Active touch: Active touch involves haptic perception that comes from both skin deformation and joint movement(kinesthetic sense). These two forms of touch enable humans to sense various haptic properties, such as size, weight, and texture, through specific exploratory procedures (EPs). [39]

• Dynamic touch: Dynamic touch offers haptic information about an object’s shape with minimal body movement, like holding or manipulating, and doesn't rely on EPs.

related work: shape Perception via dynamic touch

This paper focus on perceived length affected with three material properties: the softness, thermal conductivity, and texture of the handle.

<Physical Properties>

When holding and swinging an object, if the hand is considerd the center of rotation, this process is related to the moment of mass distribution. Further details can be found in the following references. [75]

<Shape Perception>

Depending on the mass distribution of an object, various tactile properties such as length, width, weight, orientation, and volume can be perceived. Additionally, as demonstrated in studies [6, 49] where an increase in handle diameter led to a perceived decrease in length, the shape of an object grasped by the hand also affects the perception of its length.

related work: shape-changing controllers

This paper changes handle’s material properties that have not existed before.

There were previously two types of controllers for shape-changing

• weight-shifting mechanisms[82,41, 57, 56, 25,29,70] - such as airflow mechanisms

• grip’s shape[20,71,72,81,67, 43, 80, 84] -such as pin arrays

related work : haptic perceptual cues

The perception of several other haptic attributes influenced by <Softness>

• degradation in vibration perception sensitivity[11,51], perceived texture [37,78], friction[27], and human sense of pleasantness[53]

The perception of several other haptic attributes influenced by <Temperature>

• cold sensations make object as harder[68,79], and heavier[10,65]

• pressure perception [64], tactile acuity [65], vibrotactile sensitivity [21], and the perceived roughness of a surface [22].

The perception of several other haptic attributes influenced by <Surface Texture>

• weight perception [14, 15, 30, 40].

experiment 1 :Effect of SOFTNESS

• purpose : how the softness of an object handle changes its perceived length during dynamic touch.

  

• method

  • within subject

  • independent variables

    • MOI(3)

      • 8, 16, and 32  × 10000 g · cm2

    • Softness(3)

      • very soft (EcoFlex 0010), soft (Dragon skin FX-Pro), and rigid (ABS-A100)

  • Constant variables

    • otal mass, static moment, and handle diameter

• Procedure

  • 108 trials (9 conditions × 6 sessions × 2 blocks; 12 repetitions per condition)

    • Participants wield reference object and comparison object without visual cues

    • reference (rigid; MOI = 16 × 10000 g · cm2) was held

    • In blocks, the reference was grasped once with the right hand and once with the left hand.

• Data Analysis

  • Statistical Standards: The data satisfied the assumptions of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The researcher assessed the sphericity of the data using Mauchly’s test and applied the Greenhouse-Geisser correction when the assumption was violated.

  • Result: Compared to the rigid objects, SOFTNESS increased the perceived length from 7% (small MOI) to 9% (large MOI).

  • Discussion: delayed torque

experiment 2 :Effect of Thermal Conductivity

purpose : verify the perception of two identical objects, differing only in handle’s thermal conductivity, with regard to their perceived lengths through dynamic touch

If you have any questions, please contact me at the email address below.

ehlkim0215@gmail.com

<You can find the reference number of the pape below>

https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3613904.3642251